Showing posts with label монархія. Show all posts
Showing posts with label монархія. Show all posts

Thursday, 8 November 2018

The Times History of the War - The Collapse of Germany

The collapse of Germany
This week's chapter examines the effects of the blockade, Ukrainian food supplies, war loans and national credit, submarine failures, socialism in the army, moral weakening of the people, Lichnowsky memoir, Herr von Kuhlmann and the peace offensive, fall of von Kuhlmann, Admiral von Hintze Foreign Minister, a ministry of failure, effect of the Battle of Amiens, Prince Max Chancellor, socialistic participation, effect of Cambrai, Main Headquarters demands peace, the Fourteen Points, socialist impatience, abdication of the Kaiser, the Armistice
The Socialists of Bavaria passed a resolution that Germany should be reconstituted into a people's State, and the Munich papers called on the Kaiser to give a shining exampIe to his people by sacrificing himself


Abdication of the Kaiser
I hear that the Kaiser with a suite of 10 gentlemen, in two court carriages, passed the Dutch frontier near Maastricht and close to Eysden this morning. Secrecy is observed concerning his movements
The following news was transmitted on Saturday through the wireless stations of the German Government:

The German Imperial Chancellor, Prince Max of Baden, has issued the following decree: The Kaiser and King has decided to renounce the Throne. The Imperial Chancellor will remain in office until the questions connected with the abdication of the Kaiser, the renouncing by the Crown Prince of the Throne of the German Empire and of Prussia, and the setting up of a Regency have been settled. For the Regency he intends to appoint Deputy Ebert as Imperial Chancellor [our Hague Correspondent gives the foregoing sentence as, “He contemplates proposing to the Regent the appointment of Deputy Ebert as Chancellor”], and he proposes that a Bill should be brought in for the establishment of a law providing for the immediate promulgation of general suffrage, and for a constitutional German National Assembly which will settle finally the future form of Government of the German nation and of those peoples which might be desirous of coming within the Empire.
Berlin, November 9, 1918.

Monday, 8 October 2018

How war brought Winston Churchill and King George VI together

https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/how-war-brought-winston-churchill-and-king-george-vi-together-sz5fp92xm
George VI was wary of Churchill after Gallipoli and the abdication crisis. But an acclaimed new life of the wartime PM by Andrew Roberts reveals the two became confidants and, finally, close friends
Churchill entrusted the King with key wartime secrets, knowing there would be no leaks
Churchill entrusted the King with key wartime secrets, knowing there would be no leaksHULTON/GETTY
The Sunday Times, 
In June 1939 King George VI told William Mackenzie King, the Canadian prime minister, that he “would never wish to appoint Churchill to any office unless it were absolutely necessary in time of war”. He gave the example of Gallipoli, an operation that was one of the great allied disasters of the First World War, as showing Winston Churchill’s lack of judgment.
Churchill’s support for King Edward VIII (later the Duke of Windsor) during the abdication crisis in 1936 may have been another reason for King George’s disdain. Churchill had been the most prominent figure promoting a morganatic (unofficial) marriage between Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson, which most establishment figures had considered impossible under British law and practice.

Thursday, 2 August 2018

The Times History of the War: Austria-Hungary, July 1914-November 1916


Austria-Hungary, July 1914-November 1916
This week's chapter explores the meaning of the war for the Austro-Hungarian state, the German Austrians and the war, the Magyars, the Austrian poles, the subject nationalities and the war, the Yugo-Slaves, the Czecho-Slovaks, the Little Russians, schemes of centralisation and Germanisation, reconstruction of the Austrian cabinet, propaganda in favour of Central European Union, the Magyars, Austrian centralism and Mittel-Europa, the Polish question, demand for reassembling parliament, the death of the Emperor Francis Joseph 1
The German Austrians greeted the outbreak of war with almost hilarious excitement. War, at last! No more tiring discussions or wranglings with the Czechs and Jugo-Slavs, but short, sharp orders. The Germans were to be masters in Austria once more




december 2, 1916
Punitive expeditions, both Austrian and Bulgarian have failed to intimidate the raiders, and the enemy has long since learned not to provoke them
“Tell our brothers at Salonika to make haste, for Serbia is at her last gasp!”

This message has been brought direct from Old Serbia by a special correspondent of the Paris Journal, who, greatly daring, rowed across the Danube by night from the Rumanian shore and landed in occupied territory. On the farther shore he and his companion found awaiting them a score of haggard figures, in ragged uniforms and armed.
These were Serbian officers and soldiers, survivors of last year’s Serbian Army; a handful of the heroic 10,000 guerrilla troops who, fugitives in their own land, have taken to the mountains and harry the enemy when opportunity offers. On one occasion they made a descent upon an occupied town and put the Austrian garrison to flight. Punitive expeditions, both Austrian and Bulgarian have failed to intimidate the raiders, and the enemy has long since learned not to provoke them.
One day a Serbian general landed in their midst from a French aeroplane and heartened them. They are the soul of the surviving population and the oppressed country’s one link with freedom.
With these phantoms of Old Serbia grouped about him, the correspondent conversed with one of their leaders, a captain wounded in the great retreat 12 months ago. He spoke of the nameless atrocities committed by the enemy in the early days of the occupation, of the massacres, and of the famine to which the country was succumbing. Stocks of food which were estimated to be enough to last the whole population for two years had immediately been commandeered with the most pitiless thoroughness. In particular, thousands of pigs had been driven off by the Germans.
The whole of this season’s harvest had also been requisitioned, so that by the end of the year the people would be starving. Destitution was boundless, and children were dying wholesale for want of food. Conditions were worse in the towns than in the country, and many persons committed suicide in order to end their sufferings.
And to all this is to be added the moral and religious persecution at which the Bulgarians in particular have proved themselves such adepts.

Thursday, 26 July 2018

100 Years Ago

Clearing the Marne woods

There is now no question about it. The Germans are in retreat. South of Fere-en-Tardenois, the one railhead that is left them — and that has been heavily shelled by the French — they have been busily burning stores too bulky to be quickly removed, and not only most of their guns but the greater part of their infantry have gone. Some of those who have been left behind seem to have little stomach left for fighting. One member of the Staff, who had seen columns of troops and supply convoys moving away to the north, told me of an incident which gives a picture of the state of mind to which some of them have been brought. They did not appreciate the efforts of the French gunners, and a number of them near whom a shell fell scattered, as he said, like a flock of sparrows, and refused to come back to their posts till their Unteroffziere had beaten them with canes. It happened not once but four or five times to the same lot of men.
It was a more dangerous enemy, however, that the French had to deal with yesterday. In every possible hole or corner in the woods the Germans as they fell back had left squads of machine-gunners to gain delay for the troops in retreat. To attempt to clear out these nests of wasps by frontal attacks would have meant great loss of life. The alternative was to advance in the open on each side of the woods, leaving them for other troops to deal with later on from the flank and from the rear. Today, the Bois de Chatelet and the Bois de la Tournelle, which were passed in yesterday’s advance, will be cleaned up by Americans and tirailleurs.
I stopped yesterday on the near side of the Bois de Chatelet, near enough to appreciate one striking proof of the difference of the fighting in this open warfare from what it was even a year ago. Whereas the woods in the old days were shelled till there was not a stick left, the Chatelet Wood and others that I passed still had their coating of leaves, and though here and there a trunk was cut through, you would hardly have suspected that war had passed their way. And yet the plan of turning them during an advance and clearing them out afterwards with grenades and bayonets from the rear is far more effective than the old-fashioned shelling in ridding them of their destructive occupants.

Monday, 26 March 2018

Thursday, 1 March 2018

100 Years Ago - The Royal Family and the War






THE KING DECORATES A SEAMAN.



On the right is Admiral Pakenham wearing the newly-bestowed ribbon and cross of a K.C. H.

THE KING MEETS PRESIDENT POINCARE AND MARSHAL JOFFRE IN FRANCE,




OCTOBER 1915

fHE QUEEN INSPECTING A V.A.D. DETACHMENT ON THE WESTERN FI{ONT




THE PRINCE OF WALES VJSITS AEROPLANE ENGINE WORKS

The King among his soldiers

The troops marched past with a frontage of three companies, and every military man will know how difficult such a manoeuvre is to execute well

London Tower (2)


Я думав, що все залізо з Тауера перевезли в Лідс, у тамтешній Арсенал (ось куди ще треба якось добратися!) - і був дуже приємно здивований тим, що ще багато що залишилося і в Лондоні У всякому разі де як не в Білій Вежі саме місце для виставки зброї, що належала англійським монархам? Генрі 5й, Генрі 8й, Яків 1/6й, Карл 1й, Яків 2/7й - всі залишили таке реальне залізо. Від пізніших монархів, правда, лише придворні шпаги. Ну й мундири від нинішнього покоління (жаль, без каски й штурмової гвинтівки, з якими капітан Уелс був у першому своєму відрядженні в Афганістан)